QED effects on phase transition and Ruppeiner geometry of Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black holes

Taking the quantum electrodynamics (QED) effect into account, we study the black hole phase transition and Ruppeiner geometry for the Euler-Heisenberg anti-de Sitter black hole in the extended phase space. For negative and small positive QED parameter, we observe a small/large black hole phase transition and reentrant phase transition, respectively. While a large positive value of the QED parameter ruins the phase transition. The phase diagrams for each case are explicitly exhibited. Then we construct the Ruppeiner geometry in the thermodynamic parameter space. Different features of the corresponding scalar curvature are shown for both the small/large black hole phase transition and reentrant phase transition cases. Of particular interest is that an additional region of positive scalar curvature indicating dominated repulsive interaction among black hole microstructure is present for the black hole with a small positive QED parameter. Furthermore, the universal critical phenomena are also observed for the scalar curvature of the Ruppeiner geometry. These results indicate that the QED parameter has a crucial influence on the black hole phase transition and microstructure.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figure

2-(2-Methoxy­phen­yl)butane­dinitrile

In the title compound, C11H10N2O, the butane­dinitrile unit adopts a synclinal conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding

Investigating high energy proton proton collisions with a multi-phase transport model approach based on PYTHIA8 initial conditions

The striking resemblance of high multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC to heavy ion collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A consistent explanation of the collectivity phenomena in pp will help us to understand the mechanism that leads to the QGP-like signals in small systems. In this study, we introduce a transport model approach connecting the initial conditions provided by PYTHIA8 with subsequent AMPT rescatterings to study the collective behavior in high energy pp collisions. The multiplicity dependence of light hadron productions from this model is in reasonable agreement with the pp $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV experimental data. It is found in the comparisons that both the partonic and hadronic final state interactions are important for the generation of the radial flow feature of the pp transverse momentum spectra. The study also shows that the long range two particle azimuthal correlation in high multiplicity pp events is sensitive to the proton sub-nucleon spatial fluctuations

The global progress on the non-point source pollution research from 2012 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis

Background: With effective control of point source pollution, non-point source (NPS) pollution has been widely concerned as the primary reason for the improvement of global water environmental quality. Some bibliometric analysis related to NPS pollution has been carried out before the mid-2010s. Analyzing the research status and hot issues of NPS pollution in the past decade is important for guiding the control and management of NPS pollution in the future. Results: A bibliometric analysis was conducted based on 3407 publications retrieved from the Web of Science during 2012–2021. China, USA and UK were the most productive countries. Sci. Total Environ, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, and Water were the most productive journals. The NPS pollutant, pollution types, driving forces, technology and the research object were retrieved from the keywords analysis. The common NPS pollutants of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals grabbed the highest attention, while the emerging contaminants have attracted increased attention. The migration and transformation of agricultural NPS pollution and urban NPS pollution driven by climate change and land use change were hot issues related to NPS pollution studies. Technologies related to the combination of 3S technology (RS, GIS, and GPS) and NPS pollution models, the sustainable control technologies, the technology of accurate traceability and automatic monitoring, and the comprehensive management plan were the important research areas related to NPS pollution. Although the research locations were mostly concentrated in the surface water and groundwater, the ocean and drinking water have great potential for future research. Conclusions: This study illustrates the global focuses related to NPS pollution during 2012–2021 according to analyzing the publication outputs, source journals, source country, author, institution and the high-frequency keywords. Results demonstrated that the migration and transformation mechanism and ecological risk assessment for heavy metals and emerging pollutants, accurate traceability techniques, sustainable ecological restoration control techniques, and marine pollution have attracted rising attention. Additionally, developing countries will have a higher interest in NPS pollution in the future, because developed countries have already made great progress in controlling NPS pollution

Incorporation of GM-CSF or CD40L Enhances the Immunogenicity of Hantaan Virus-Like Particles

A safe and effective Hantaan virus (HTNV) vaccine is highly desirable because HTNV causes an acute and often fatal disease (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS). Since the immunity of the inactivated vaccine is weak and the safety is poor, HTNV virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive and safe alternative. These particles lack the viral genome but are perceived by the immune system as virus particles. We hypothesized that adding immunostimulatory signals to VLPs would enhance their efficacy. To accomplish this enhancement, we generated chimeric HTNV VLPs containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) and investigated their biological activity in vitro. The immunization of mice with chimeric HTNV VLPs containing GM-CSF or CD40L induced stronger humoral immune responses and cellular immune responses compared to the HTNV VLPs and Chinese commercial inactivated hantavirus vaccine. Chimeric HTNV VLPs containing GM-CSF or CD40L also protected mice from an HTNV challenge. Altogether, our results suggest that anchoring immunostimulatory molecules into HTNV VLPs can be a potential approach for the control and prevention of HFRS

Researches on Heat Pump System using Rotary Compressor in Electric Vehicle

In China, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasing popular. With several years practical operation experiences, a lot of news reports reveal the existing electrical supplementary heating can dramatically impact the driving range of EVs under cold weather in north China. The high efficient electric heat pump system has become the research hotspot, but previous research show the heat pump operation could supply adequate heating capacity only in mild weather conditions when the working fluid is R134a. Since the user can’t change environment temperature, choose a high pressure working fluid to have better heating performance become a realistic choice. Now the aluminum scroll compressor is wildly used in EVs, but because of the material and structure, it can’t endure the long term high pressure operation. This paper adopted the low cost steel rotary compressor and high pressure working fluid to build the EV heat pump system. The heat pump cycles using R134a, R407c and R290 have been theoretically analyzed; the rotary compressor has been redesigned to respectively apply the R134a, R407c and R290; the heat pump test rig has been build; three combinations (compressor, oil and working fluid) under the same cold weather conditions have been experimentally researched. Results showed the rotary compressor with the high pressure working fluid applied system can generate adequate heating capacity with less energy